超声波测距报警单片机超声波测距报警单片机毕业设计 47
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超声波测距报警
摘 要
科学技术在不断快速发展，超声波测距报警在测距仪中的应用也越来越广。但就目前技术水平，具体利用的测距技术却十分有限，因此，这是一个正在蓬勃的发展而又有无限前景技术及产业的领域。超声波测距仪作为一种新型的非常重要有用的工具在各个方面都将继续拥有很大的发展空间，以满足日益发展的社会需求，单片机毕业设计它将朝着更加高精度，低功耗的方向发展，例如利用声纳研制具有更高定位精度的被动测距声纳，来满足水中武器实施全隐蔽攻击的需要；继续发展采用低频线谱检测的潜艇拖曳线列阵声纳，实现超远程的被动探测和识别；代做单片机毕业设计研制更适合于浅海工作的潜艇声纳，改善潜艇声纳的工作环境。而且未来的超声波测距仪将同自动化智能化接轨，与其他的测距仪器集成，形成多测距仪。随着测距仪的技术进步，测距仪将从具有单纯判断功能发展到具有学习功能，最终发展到具有创造力。在新的世纪里，面貌一新的测距仪将发挥更大作用。
本系统就是采用AT89C51单片机为核心制作的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示测距仪。采用超声波作为测距的主体设备，利用液晶显示测得距离，并判断距离小于一定值后报警提示。超声波测距仪主要有硬件电路和软件设计。整个电路采用模块化设计，由主程序、中断程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序等模块组成。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测量距离值，并判断距离小于一定值后报警提示。最后通过硬件和软件连调实现了各个功能模块，系统具有一定的实用价值。
关键字：超声波，单片机，测距，液晶显示
Abstract
The rapid development of science and technology is constantly, in the application of ultrasonic rangefinder is more and more widely. But so far the technical level, the specific use range finder technology is limited, so, it is a are vigorous development and infinite prospect areas of technology and industry. Ultrasonic rangefinder as a kind of new typed is very important and useful tools in every aspect will continue to have very big development space, to meet the social demand growing, it will move toward greater high precision, low power consumption, such as using the direction of higher positioning precision sonar developed the passive sonar, to meet the water rangefinder concealed weapon the need of implementing the attack; Continued development of low frequency spectrum detection by submarine towed linear array sonar, realize super remote passive detection and recognition; Development is more suitable for the submarine sonar, offshore work to improve the working environment. Submarine sonar And the future ultrasonic rangefinder will connect with automation intelligent, and other range finder instrument integration, formed much rangefinder. As rangefinder progress of technology, rangefinder with simple judgment function from the development to have learning function, eventually develop to an creativity. In the new century, face a new rangefinder will play a bigger role.
This system is AT89C51 microcontroller as the core making low-cost, high-precision, miniaturization digital display rangefinder. The ultrasonic as a result of the main equipment, using liquid crystal display measured, and judge distance from less than certain values alarm prompt. Ultrasonic rangefinder mainly has the hardware circuit and software design. The whole circuit USES modular design, by the main program, interruption program, launch subroutines, receiving subroutines, display subroutines etc module. The probe signal SCM comprehensive analysis, realize ultrasonic measure distance, and judge distance after less than certain value alarm prompt. Finally the hardware and software even adjustable realized each function module, the system has certain practical value.
Key word: ultrasonic, microcontroller, ranging, LCD display
目录
摘 要... 1
Abstract 2
一、引言... 5
1.1 课题背景意义... 5
1.2课题设计研究范围及成果... 5
1.3超声波测距原理... 6
1.4 系统实现概述... 6
二、系统芯片及测距介绍... 7
2.1 51单片机简介及系统最小系统设计... 7
2.2显示模块1602介绍... 13
.2.3超声波测距的算法... 19
三、系统硬件电路设计... 20
3.1 单片机最小系统的设计... 20
3.2 超声波发射电路... 21
3.2.1 发射部分方案... 21
3.2.2 超声波和超声波传感器... 22
3.2.3 超声波单元电路设计... 23
3.3 超声波接受电路设计... 23
3.3.1 超声波接受方案选择... 23
3.3.2 超声波接受电路设计... 23
3.4 显示电路设计... 24
3.5 报警电路设计... 25
四、系统软件设计... 27
4.1 超声波测距软件设计... 27
4.2 显示模块软件设计... 29
五、系统的测试和误差分析... 30
5.1 系统硬件调试... 30
5.2 系统软件调试... 30
5.3 系统整体测试... 30
5.4 系统测量与误差分析... 31
致 谢... 32
参考文献... 33
附录一、整体原理图和PCB图... 34
附录二、程序代码... 36
一、引言