芒染色体核型、减数分裂行为及育性分析

芒染色体核型、减数分裂行为及育性分析(选题审批表,任务书,开题报告,中期检查表,毕业论文13000字)
摘  要：本课题采用改良卡宝品红染色法对芒染色体核型和芒花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行观测分析，采用开放式结实率测定和I2-KI染色法进行花粉育性调查分析。结果表明自然界中大部分芒为二倍体，核型公式为2n=2x=38=30m+8sm，核型类型为2B型，花粉母细胞减数分裂正常，花粉染色率高达80%以上，且在资源圃中测得其自然结实率高，繁育性好；目前仅发现一份三倍体芒，核型公式为2n=3x=57=45m+12sm，核型类型为2B型，花粉母细胞减数分裂异常，花粉染色率约55%，自然结实率接近于零。
关键词：芒；核型；花粉母细胞减数分裂；育性

Chromosome Karyotype, Meiosis and Fertility analysis of Miscanthus
Abstract: The subject used improned Card Po fuchsin staining to karyotype of the Mountain and Mount meiotic behavior for observation and analysis,used the open solid rate measurement and I2-KI staining investigation on pollen fertility. The results showed that the diploid nature of most of the Mountain,the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=38=30m+8sm,the karyotype type was 2B,the pollen mother cell meiosis was normal,pollen staining rate of more than 80%,and the resources of natural fruit garden in high PPase and good breeding;We only found a triploid mount so far, the karyotype formula was 2n=3x=57=45m+12sm，the karyotype type was 2B, the pollen mother cell meiosis was anomaly, pollen staining rate almost 55%,the open solid rate was verge on zero.

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Key words: Miscanthus sinensis; Karyotype; Pollen mother cell meiosis; Fertility

目  录
摘  要    1
关键词    1
1 前言    2
1.1　本课题的研究目的    2
1.2 国内外研究现状    3
2 试验材料与方法    4
2.1 试验材料    4
2.2 试验方法    4
2.2.1 核型鉴定    4
2.2.2花粉母细胞减数分裂观察    5
2.2.3 育性分析    5
3 结果与分析    6
3.1 核型鉴定    6
3.1.1天然二倍体    6
3.2 花粉母细胞减数分裂观察    9
3.2.1 天然二倍体花粉母细胞减数分裂观察    9
3.２.２ 天然三倍体芒花粉母细胞减数分裂观察    12
3.3  育性分析    14
3.３.１ 花粉育性分析    14
3.３.２ 植株自然结实率分析    14
4  讨论    16
4.1  核型鉴定    16
4.1.1 核型公式    16
4.1.2 核型类型    16
4.1.3 染色体大小    16
4.1.4 随体    16
4.2  花粉母细胞减数分裂观察    17
4.3 育性分析    18
5  结论    19
参考文献    19
致    谢    21