苹果酸酯化的过程研究

苹果酸酯化的过程研究(任务书,开题报告,论文10000字)
摘  要
    在工业上苹果酸酯常常被用来制备日用香料和蚊香，有着极为重要的使用价值。用于苹果酸酯化反应的催化剂传统上采用液体酸（例如浓H2SO4），但往往具有很多缺点，不能达到最好的工艺生产标准。因此，为了达到酯化反应工艺生产标准的要求，研究人员研制了一系列的固体酸催化剂。与液体酸催化剂相比，这类催化剂能有效地减少酯化过程所用催化剂对生产设备和生态环境的破坏，并且具有较好的催化活性，是一类具有很好使用前景的催化剂。本实验就通过制备固体酸催化剂，考察了苹果酸酯化反应的条件。并以SO3H/C为催化剂催化了苹果酸和乙醇的酯化反应，合成苹果酸乙酯；研究了苹果酸酯化率的各种影响因素，例如：反应温度、反应时间、催化剂的用量、反应物的摩尔比等，确定了苹果酸与乙醇的酯化合成条件。实验结果表明：在135 ℃下，酸醇摩尔比1:60，反应时间3.5 h，催化剂用量为0.50 g时，反应所得酯化率可达83.32 %。而且催化剂回收后重复使用性能良好，具有较好的稳定性。
关键词：催化酯化  磺化活性炭  苹果酸酯  固体酸催化剂
 
Malic acid esterification process of research

Abstract
In industry, malate is often used for preparation of daily production of spices and mosquito-repellent incense, which has very important value. In traditional, liquid acid catalysts used for malic acid esterification, for example, liquid H2SO4. But it usually has a lot of shortcomings, and can’t achieve the best standards of production. In order to improve the synthetic conditions of esterification reaction, researcher have prepared a series of solid acid catalysts. Compared with liquid acid catalyst, this kind of catalyst can reduce the destruction of the equipment and protect the ecological environment. It has good catalytic activity, so has good prospect. A series of solid acid catalysts were prepared, and the catalytic performances of malic acid esterification reaction was investigated. And malate was synthesized from malic acid and ethyl alcohol using SO3H/C as catalyst. The effects of the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the dosage of catalyst and the mole ratio of ethyl alcohol to malic acid on the esterification yield were studied. The results showed that the yield of esterification was up to 83.32 %, when the reaction temperature is 135 ℃，the mole ratio of ethyl alcohol to malic acid is 1:60, the reaction time is 3.5 h, the quantity of catalyst is 0.50 g. And the catalyst reusable performance is good, which has a good stability. [来源：http://think58.com]
 
Key Words: Catalytic esterification; SO3H/C; Malate; Solid acid catalysts
 
目  录

摘  要    I
ABSTRACT    II
第一章  文献综述    1
1.1 前言    1
1.2 苹果酸酯的合成方法    1
1.3 酯化反应的固体酸催化剂    2
1.4 本课题研究的目的和意义    5
第二章  实验材料与方法    6
2.1 实验材料与仪器    6
2.1.1 实验材料    6
2.1.2 实验仪器    6
2.2催化剂的制备    7
2.3苹果酸和乙醇的酯化反应    8
2.4 苹果酸乙酯的分析方法    8
2.4.1 酸值的计算    8
2.4.2 酯化率的测定    8
第三章  实验结果与讨论    10
3.1 不同催化剂的比较    10
3.2 催化剂用量对酯化率的影响    10 [版权所有：http://think58.com]
3.3不同酸醇物质的量之比对酯化率的影响    11
3.4反应时间对酯化率的影响    12
3.5反应温度对酯化率的影响    13
3.6催化剂重复使用对酯化率的影响    13
3.7本章小结    14
第四章  结论与展望    15
4.1 结论    15
4.2 展望    15
参考文献    16
致  谢    19 [来源：http://www.think58.com]