锂电池智能充电器设计

摘 要

 锂离子 (Li—Ion)电池因其比能量高、自放电小等优点，成为电子设备的理想电源。近年来，随着便携式电子产品如MP3、手机和微型智能仪器仪表产品的普及，锂电池对电源系统的要求也日益提高。为此，研发性能稳定、安全可靠、高效经济的锂电池充电器显得尤为重要。
 本文在综合考虑电池安全充电的成本、设计效率及重要性的基础上，利用 MSP430微控制器实现锂离子电池充电器的原理和方法。MSP430系列单片机由于其超低功耗，性能强大，稳定性好等多方面优点成为本次设计的首选芯片。硬件上设计了开关电路、电压电流采样电路、显示电路，并绘制出电路原理图和PCB图，软件上提出了充电器的编程方案。PWM 控制的单片开关电源式锂电池充电器，有效地克服了一般充电、充电不足、效率低的缺点，该充电器对充电过程进行全面管理，可完成预充电、快速充电和涓流充电的基本充电功能和电池安全监测功能以及显示功能，实现了智能化充电，且保证了充电效果。该方案设计灵活，可满足多种型号的锂电池充电需求，且MSP430单片机集成化的闪存使其便于软件调试与升级。
 
 关键词：锂电池；充电器；MSP430单片机；开关电源 
 
  

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries because of their high specific energy, the advantages of small self-discharge, become an ideal electronic devices power. In recent years, as portable electronic products such as MP3, mobile phones and smart micro-universal instrumentation products, lithium-ion battery power system for the increasing demands.  So, the design of stable, safe, reliable, high-performance lithium battery charger is particularly important.
In this paper, taking into account the cost of charging the battery safety, efficiency and the importance of design, based on the MSP430 microcontroller using Li-Ion battery charger to achieve the principles and methods. MSP430 family of single chip because of its ultra-low power consumption, powerful performance, the advantages of good stability and so become the first choice for the design of the chip. The design of the switch hardware circuits, voltage and current sampling circuit, display circuit, and draw schematic and PCB circuit diagram, bring out a software program programming charger.PWM-controlled single-chip switching power supply lithium-ion battery chargers, effectively overcome the general charge, under-charging, low efficiency of the shortcomings, the charger for charging the overall management process, To be completed by pre-charge, fast charge and trickle charge function of the basic charge and battery safety monitoring functions and display functions, the realization of the intelligent charging, and to ensure that the charging effect .The program designed with the flexibility to meet a variety of models of the demand for rechargeable lithium batteries, and integrated single-chip MSP430 flash memory make it easy to debug and upgrade software.  [来源：http://think58.com]

Keywords: lithium battery; charger; MSP430 single chip; switching power supply. [资料来源：http://www.THINK58.com]

目    录

摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究背景 1
1.2 充电器功能描述 2
1.3 本文内容结构 3
第2章 系统结构与技术参数 4
2.1 系统设计框架 4
2.2 锂离子电池充电原理 5
2.2.1 锂离子电池基本特性 5
2.2.2 锂离子电池放电特性 5
2.2.3 锂离子电池充电特性 6
2.3 锂电池充电方法 7
2.3.1 恒流充电 7
2.3.2 恒压充电 8
2.3.3 恒流恒压充电 8
2.3.4 脉冲充电 9
2.4 系统技术参数 10
2.4.1 充电曲线分析 10
2.4.2 系统参数设定 10
2.5 设计工具介绍 10
2.5.1 Protel DXP 2004 10
2.5.2  IAR Workbench 12
第3章 充电器硬件设计 13
3.1 MSP430单片机 13
3.1.1 单片机介绍 13
3.1.2 单片机选型 14
3.2 硬件功能模块 16
3.2.1 单片机基本电路 16
3.2.2  LCD显示电路 16

[来源：http://think58.com]

3.2.3 电压和电流采样电路 18
3.2.4 开关控制电路 19
3.2.5 键盘功能电路 20
3.3 系统电路图绘制 21
3.3.1 绘制原理图 21
3.3.2 绘制PCB图 26
第4章 充电器软件设计 29
4.1 系统软件总结构 29
4.2 系统主流程设计 30
4.3 充电子模块设计 31
4.3.1 电池检测模块 32
4.3.2 预充电模块 32
4.3.3 快速充电模块 32
4.3.4 涓流充电模块 33
4.3.5 LCD驱动模块 33
4.3.6 PWM模块 35
4.3.7 A/D转换模块 37
第5章 总结 41
5.1 成果和收获 41
5.2 系统改进方案 41
参考文献 42
致谢 43
附录A:英文原文 44
附录B:汉语翻译 51
附录C:系统总电路图 57 

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[资料来源：http://think58.com]

[版权所有：http://think58.com]