基于单片机的恒压供水系统的设计
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密 惠 保
基于单片机的变频恒压供水控制系统的设计
摘要：在居民生活用水、工业用水、各类自来水厂、油田、油库、锅炉、定压供热和恒压补水喷淋及消防等供水系统中，依旧采用传统老式的水塔、高位水箱、气压增压等设备，不但占地面积和设备投资巨大，维护困难，而且不能满足高层建筑、工业、消防等高水压、大流量的快速供水需求。同时，由于供水量的随机性，采用传统控制方法，难以保证供水压力的恒定和实时供水，造成能量浪费严重。为解决这一问题，本课题设计了一种新型恒压变频供水自动控制系统。该系统以8031单片机为核心，采用改进的PID算法，硬件部分采用高精度、高稳定的信号采集、传输、处理系统，并且设置有人机对话功能，方便对系统工作的监控。为提高系统的抗干扰能力和运行的稳定性，系统利用MAX813L芯片，实现了单片机系统的看门狗电路、电源故障监控和复位电路，使系统更加紧凑。本文阐述了系统的控制要求，分析了系统的工作原理和工作过程，给出了各部分硬件设计过程及其相关电路，软件设计过程，控制算法实现流程图，着重说明了PID算法在单片机上的实现方法，同时阐述了系统的工作特点，实验证明这是一种经济实用的先进控制技术。
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关键词：单片机，变频器，PID，恒压变频供水 [资料来源：http://THINK58.com]
The Supply Water Control System of Variable Frequency And Constant Pressure Based on Single-chip Computer [资料来源：http://think58.com]
Abstract: In resident live with the water, the water supply of industry use, various waterworks, oil-field, oil depot, boiler, settle press provide hotly with constant press repair water spray pour and fire fight etc. Supply water system, the water tower of the traditional old style in as of old adoption, the high a water tank, air pressure increases to press to waits the equipments, not only cover the area to invest bigness with the equipments, maintenance difficulty, but also can't satisfy the high building, the fast water supply of the high water pressure, big discharge in etching industry,the need of fire fight.At the same time, because of supplying water the deal of with machine, adoption tradition control method, and is hard to guarantee the constant of the water supply pressure settle with solid the hour supplies water, resulting in energy wasted serious.For resolving this problem, this lesson designed a kind of new constant presses to change the frequency supplies water the auto the control the system.That system with 8031 Single-chip Computer, the calculate way of PID of the adoption improvement, the hardware part adopts the high accuracy, high and stable signal collect, deliver, handles the system, and establishes someone or other machine dialogue function, the convenience works to the system of supervise and control.For anti- interference ability that increases system with the stability of the movement, the system makes use of a watchdog for, realizes single a machine system electric circuit, power supply breaks down to supervise and control with reply an electric circuit, making the system is more the tightly packed.This text expatiated the control of the system requests, analyzing the work principle of the system with work process, gave each parts of hardwares design process and its related electric circuits, software design process, control the calculate way realizes flow chart, emphasized to explain the calculate way of PID in the single a work for on boardly realizing method, at the same time expatiating system characteristics, experiment proof this is a kind of economic practical forerunner control technique. [资料来源：THINK58.com]
Key Words: Single-chip Computer, variable Frequency, PID the supply water control system of variable frequency and constant pressure
目 录 [资料来源：THINK58.com]
摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………….I
Abstract…..……………………………………………………………………………II
第一章 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………...1
1.1课题的现状与发展前景 …………………………………………………...2
1.2课题的目的与意义 ………………………………………………………...2
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第二章 硬件设计 …………………………………………………………………...4
2.1控制要求 …………………………………………………………………...4
2.2系统原理图分析…………………………………………………………….4
2.3恒压供水原理分析………………………………………………………….4
2.4变频恒压供水控制系统的硬件结构框图………………………………….5
2.5硬件电路设计……………………………………………………………….6
2.5.1压力信号采集系统设计………………………………………………6
2.5.2 8031单片机………………………………………………………..….9
2.5.3 A/D转换电路………………………………………………………...14
2.5.4 键盘电路及接口………………………………………………….….19 [版权所有：http://think58.com]
2.5.5 LED显示电路………………………………………………………...20
2.5.6 D/A转换电路…………………………………………………………23
2.5.7 光电隔离电路………………………………………………………..27
2.5.8 变频器的选用………………………………………………………..28
第三章 软件设计…………………………………………………………………....37 [来源：http://www.think58.com]
3.1 控制算法分析……………………………………………………………...37
3.1.1 PID控制算法………………………………………………………..37
3.1.2 PID算法的程序框图………………………………………………..38
3.2 计算机实现………………………………………………………………...40
3.2.1 程序流程…………………………………………………………....40 [资料来源：http://www.THINK58.com]
3.2.2 键盘软件设计……………………………………………………....40
3.3 抗干扰软件设计…………………………………………………………...42
3.4 软件调试 ..…………………………………………………………….….43
3.5 单元电路子程序…………………………………………………………..43
第四章 抗干扰设计………………………………………………………………...44
4.1 单片机的抗干扰设计……………………………………………………..44
4.1.1 MAX813芯片………………………………………………………44
4.1.2 抗干扰电路设计………………...…………………………………46
4.2.1 基本原理………………………………………………………….. 45
4.2.2 硬件电路设计……………………………………………………...45 [资料来源：http://THINK58.com]
4.2 变频器的抗干扰设计……………………………………………………48
4.2.1 变频器的基本控制回路…………………………………………...48
4.2.2 干扰的基本类型及抗干扰措施…………………………………...48
4.2.3 其他注意事项……………………………………………………...49
第五章 设计体会…………………………………………………………………...50 [资料来源：http://think58.com]
结束语……………………………………………………………………………… 51
致谢………………………………………………………………………………… 52
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………….53
附录………………………………………………………………………………….54 [版权所有：http://think58.com]
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